Updated: 2014 June 20th
Most of the data I work with are represented as tables i.e. with rows and columns. R makes it easy to store (as data frames) and process such data to produce some basic statistics. Here are just some R functions that calculate some basic, but nevertheless useful, statistics. I will use the iris dataset that comes with R.
#how does the iris dataset look like? head(iris) # Sepal.Length Sepal.Width Petal.Length Petal.Width Species #1 5.1 3.5 1.4 0.2 setosa #2 4.9 3.0 1.4 0.2 setosa #3 4.7 3.2 1.3 0.2 setosa #4 4.6 3.1 1.5 0.2 setosa #5 5.0 3.6 1.4 0.2 setosa #6 5.4 3.9 1.7 0.4 setosa #what are the dimensions of this dataset dim(iris) [1] 150 5
So the iris dataset has 150 rows and 5 columns. Notice that the fifth column are categorical variables; we will need to remove them if we perform a numerical calculation. So let's create another object by subsetting the iris data:
#remove column 5 iris_subset <- iris[,-5] #one less column dim(iris_subset) #[1] 150 4 #now let's perform some simple statistics #calculate the mean of each row #and add an extra column called mean iris_subset$mean <- apply(iris_subset, 1, mean) head(iris_subset) # Sepal.Length Sepal.Width Petal.Length Petal.Width mean #1 5.1 3.5 1.4 0.2 2.550 #2 4.9 3.0 1.4 0.2 2.375 #3 4.7 3.2 1.3 0.2 2.350 #4 4.6 3.1 1.5 0.2 2.350 #5 5.0 3.6 1.4 0.2 2.550 #6 5.4 3.9 1.7 0.4 2.850 #calculate the variance of each row #and add an extra column called variance iris_subset$variance <- apply(iris_subset, 1, var) head(iris_subset) # Sepal.Length Sepal.Width Petal.Length Petal.Width mean variance #1 5.1 3.5 1.4 0.2 2.550 3.562500 #2 4.9 3.0 1.4 0.2 2.375 3.111875 #3 4.7 3.2 1.3 0.2 2.350 2.992500 #4 4.6 3.1 1.5 0.2 2.350 2.742500 #5 5.0 3.6 1.4 0.2 2.550 3.487500 #6 5.4 3.9 1.7 0.4 2.850 3.732500 #check the quantiles for the mean quantile(iris_subset$mean) # 0% 25% 50% 75% 100% #2.1000 2.6750 3.5750 4.0625 5.1000 #deciles quantile(iris_subset$mean, probs = seq(from = 0, to = 1, by=.1)) # 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% #2.1000 2.4250 2.5950 2.8000 3.3000 3.5750 3.8350 3.9250 4.2000 4.4575 5.1000 #check to see how many rows have a mean greater than 10 table(iris_subset$mean > 4) #FALSE TRUE # 111 39 #calculate Pearson correlation between variance and mean cor(iris_subset$mean, iris_subset$variance) #[1] 0.311261 #calculate Spearman correlation between variance and mean cor(iris_subset$mean, iris_subset$variance, method="spearman") #[1] 0.2447656 #get the maximum petal length max(iris$Petal.Length) #[1] 6.9 #get the shortest sepal width min(iris$Sepal.Width) #[1] 2 #get means of the 4 measurements colMeans(iris_subset) #Sepal.Length Sepal.Width Petal.Length Petal.Width mean variance # 5.843333 3.057333 3.758000 1.199333 3.464500 3.290254 #get the sum of the rows head(rowSums(iris_subset)) #[1] 16.31250 14.98688 14.74250 14.49250 16.23750 17.98250 #store all the rows that have a mean > 4 iris_mean_4 <- iris[iris_subset$mean>4,] iris_mean_4 <- iris[iris_subset$mean>4,] #head(iris_mean_4) # Sepal.Length Sepal.Width Petal.Length Petal.Width Species #51 7.0 3.2 4.7 1.4 versicolor #53 6.9 3.1 4.9 1.5 versicolor #78 6.7 3.0 5.0 1.7 versicolor #101 6.3 3.3 6.0 2.5 virginica #103 7.1 3.0 5.9 2.1 virginica #104 6.3 2.9 5.6 1.8 virginica #are a particular species longer on average? #table(iris_mean_4$Species) # # setosa versicolor virginica # 0 3 36 #output data as a comma delimited file write.csv(iris_mean_4, "iris_dataset_mean_4.csv")
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